---
title: Liquid Chromatography Blog | Learning & Training (5)
description: Learning & Training | Webinars, application notes, eBooks, tutorials from the experts by Separation Science for users of liquid chromatography (LC). (5)
---

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# Liquid Chromatography

### [Sample Loop Filling Characteristics](https://blog.sepscience.com/liquidchromatography/hplc-solutions-119-sample-loop-filling-characteristics)

**This discussion follows on the last HPLC Solutions instalment ([*HPLC Solutions #118*](https://blog.sepscience.com/separationscience/hplc-solutions-118-which-is-better-manual-injection-or-an-autosampler)), where we discussed the relative merits of manual injectors and autosamplers. A little better understanding of the loop filling characteristics will help us realize...**

[Read More](https://blog.sepscience.com/liquidchromatography/hplc-solutions-119-sample-loop-filling-characteristics)

### [Autosampler Design, Part 1: Push-to-Fill](https://blog.sepscience.com/liquidchromatography/hplc-solutions-120-autosampler-design-part-1-push-to-fill)

**As a follow-up on the last two HPLC Solutions discussions (*[HPLC Solutions #118](https://blog.sepscience.com/separationscience/hplc-solutions-118-which-is-better-manual-injection-or-an-autosampler), [#119](https://blog.sepscience.com/separationscience/hplc-solutions-119-sample-loop-filling-characteristics)*) regarding sample injection, I’d like to take the opportunity to describe the two most popular types of autosamplers in use today. These are what I call the...**

[Read More](https://blog.sepscience.com/liquidchromatography/hplc-solutions-120-autosampler-design-part-1-push-to-fill)

### [Autosampler Design, Part 2: Needle-in-Loop](https://blog.sepscience.com/liquidchromatography/hplc-solutions-121-autosampler-design-part-2-needle-in-loop)

**In the last instalment of ([*HPLC Solutions #120*](https://blog.sepscience.com/separationscience/hplc-solutions-120-autosampler-design-part-1-push-to-fill)) we looked at one popular autosampler design, the push-to-fill autosampler. Now we’ll turn our attention to the other most popular design, which I call needle-in-loop.**

[Read More](https://blog.sepscience.com/liquidchromatography/hplc-solutions-121-autosampler-design-part-2-needle-in-loop)

### [How to Measure Noise. Part 1](https://blog.sepscience.com/liquidchromatography/hplc-solutions-122-how-to-measure-noise.-part-1)

**This installment of HPLC Solutions begins a series on different measurements that we make on chromatograms. Measuring the baseline noise generated by an HPLC system may seem like a singularly boring subject. But if you think about it, noise can be a...**

[Read More](https://blog.sepscience.com/liquidchromatography/hplc-solutions-122-how-to-measure-noise.-part-1)

### [How to Measure Detector Noise and Drift. Part 2](https://blog.sepscience.com/liquidchromatography/hplc-solutions-123-how-to-measure-detector-noise-and-drift-part-2)

**In [*HPLC Solutions #122*](https://blog.sepscience.com/separationscience/hplc-solutions-122-how-to-measure-noise.-part-1), we looked at how to measure baseline noise from a liquid chromatogram. One practical application of such measurements is to determine the noise and drift of the detector, which we’ll consider now.**

[Read More](https://blog.sepscience.com/liquidchromatography/hplc-solutions-123-how-to-measure-detector-noise-and-drift-part-2)

### [How to Determine Signal-to-Noise Ratio. Part 3](https://blog.sepscience.com/liquidchromatography/hplc-solutions-124-how-to-determine-signal-to-noise-ratio.-part-3)

**In [*HPLC Solutions #122*](https://blog.sepscience.com/separationscience/hplc-solutions-122-how-to-measure-noise.-part-1), we looked at how to measure baseline noise from a liquid chromatogram. One practical application of such measurements is to determine the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), which we’ll consider here.**

[Read More](https://blog.sepscience.com/liquidchromatography/hplc-solutions-124-how-to-determine-signal-to-noise-ratio.-part-3)

### [Chromatographic Measurements, Part 4: Determining LOD and LOQ Visually or by S/N](https://blog.sepscience.com/liquidchromatography/hplc-solutions-125-chromatographic-measurements-part-4-determining-lod-and-loq-visually-or-by-s/n)

**In this issue of HPLC Solutions we’ll look at the first two methods, and then consider the third in [#126](https://blog.sepscience.com/separationscience/hplc-solutions-126-chromatographic-measurements-part-5-determining-lod-and-loq-based-on-the-calibration-curve). For additional references, you might want to look at [#122](https://blog.sepscience.com/separationscience/hplc-solutions-122-how-to-measure-noise.-part-1) for the determination of noise and [#124](https://blog.sepscience.com/separationscience/hplc-solutions-124-how-to-determine-signal-to-noise-ratio.-part-3) for calculation of the signal-to-noise ratio...**

[Read More](https://blog.sepscience.com/liquidchromatography/hplc-solutions-125-chromatographic-measurements-part-4-determining-lod-and-loq-visually-or-by-s/n)

### [Chromatographic Measurements, Part 5: Determining LOD and LOQ Based on the Calibration Curve](https://blog.sepscience.com/liquidchromatography/hplc-solutions-126-chromatographic-measurements-part-5-determining-lod-and-loq-based-on-the-calibration-curve)

As we saw in [*HPLC Solutions #125*](https://blog.sepscience.com/separationscience/hplc-solutions-125-chromatographic-measurements-part-4-determining-lod-and-loq-visually-or-by-s/n), the International Committee on Harmonization (ICH, 1) lists three ways to determine the limit of detection (LOD) or limit of quantification (LOQ):

[Read More](https://blog.sepscience.com/liquidchromatography/hplc-solutions-126-chromatographic-measurements-part-5-determining-lod-and-loq-based-on-the-calibration-curve)

### [Peak Integration, Part 1: How It Is Done](https://blog.sepscience.com/liquidchromatography/hplc-solutions-127-peak-integration-part-1-how-it-is-done)

With today’s data systems for HPLC, we tend to take peak measurement for granted. Much of the time we’re pretty safe if we use the default integration conditions, but this is not always the case. In this *HPLC Solutions* series on integration, we’ll...

[Read More](https://blog.sepscience.com/liquidchromatography/hplc-solutions-127-peak-integration-part-1-how-it-is-done)

### [Peak Integration, Part 2: If You Don’t Like the Default Conditions](https://blog.sepscience.com/liquidchromatography/hplc-solutions-128-peak-integration-part-2-if-you-dont-like-the-default-conditions)

**In [*HPLC Solutions #127*](https://blog.sepscience.com/separationscience/hplc-solutions-127-peak-integration-part-1-how-it-is-done) we took a brief look at how HPLC integrators detect and measure a peak’s height or area. Much of the time the default settings for the data system are sufficient for reliable operation, but you may find that the integration...**

[Read More](https://blog.sepscience.com/liquidchromatography/hplc-solutions-128-peak-integration-part-2-if-you-dont-like-the-default-conditions)

### [Peak Integration, Part 3:Common Integration Errors](https://blog.sepscience.com/liquidchromatography/hplc-solutions-129-peak-integration-part-3common-integration-errors)

**In the first two parts of this series ([*HPLC Solutions #127*](https://blog.sepscience.com/separationscience/hplc-solutions-127-peak-integration-part-1-how-it-is-done)and[*#128*](https://blog.sepscience.com/separationscience/hplc-solutions-128-peak-integration-part-2-if-you-dont-like-the-default-conditions)), we looked at how HPLC data systems integrate chromatograms and some of the adjustments that can be made if you don’t like the way the default settings perform. Even with proper...**

[Read More](https://blog.sepscience.com/liquidchromatography/hplc-solutions-129-peak-integration-part-3common-integration-errors)

### [Resources #1: Teach a Person to Fish](https://blog.sepscience.com/liquidchromatography/hplc-solutions-130-resources-1-teach-a-person-to-fish)

**I’m sure you’ve all heard the proverb that says if you give a person a fish, you’ll feed them for a day, but if you teach a person to fish, you’ll enable them to feed themselves. There are lots of on-line options for “fishing lessons” through LC...**

[Read More](https://blog.sepscience.com/liquidchromatography/hplc-solutions-130-resources-1-teach-a-person-to-fish)

### [Resources #3: How Do I Validate a Method For...?](https://blog.sepscience.com/liquidchromatography/hplc-solutions-132-resources-3-how-do-i-validate-a-method-for)

**This is the third instalment of *HPLC Solutions* related to resources you should have at your fingertips when you are working in an HPLC laboratory (see also*[#130](https://blog.sepscience.com/separationscience/hplc-solutions-130-resources-1-teach-a-person-to-fish)* and *[#131](https://blog.sepscience.com/separationscience/hplc-solutions-131-resources-2-how-do-i-separate-a-from-b)*). If you work in a regulated industry, such as pharmaceuticals, your HPLC...**

[Read More](https://blog.sepscience.com/liquidchromatography/hplc-solutions-132-resources-3-how-do-i-validate-a-method-for)

### [Resources #2: How Do I Separate A From B?](https://blog.sepscience.com/liquidchromatography/hplc-solutions-131-resources-2-how-do-i-separate-a-from-b)

**In this instalment of *HPLC solutions* , I’d like to share a few of the places that I look when confronted with a new separation problem.**

[Read More](https://blog.sepscience.com/liquidchromatography/hplc-solutions-131-resources-2-how-do-i-separate-a-from-b)

### [Where Do I Find More Information About...?](https://blog.sepscience.com/liquidchromatography/hplc-solutions-133-resources-4-where-do-i-find-more-information-about)

**This is the fourth instalment of *HPLC Solutions* related to resources you should have at your fingertips when you are working in an HPLC laboratory (see also*[#130](https://blog.sepscience.com/separationscience/hplc-solutions-130-resources-1-teach-a-person-to-fish),[131](https://blog.sepscience.com/separationscience/hplc-solutions-131-resources-2-how-do-i-separate-a-from-b),[132](https://blog.sepscience.com/separationscience/hplc-solutions-132-resources-3-how-do-i-validate-a-method-for)*). In the last discussion ([#132](https://blog.sepscience.com/separationscience/hplc-solutions-132-resources-3-how-do-i-validate-a-method-for)) we looked at online resources from the...**

[Read More](https://blog.sepscience.com/liquidchromatography/hplc-solutions-133-resources-4-where-do-i-find-more-information-about)

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