A common and useful classification of the HILIC stationary phases is on the basis of the presence of functional groups on the surface and their charged state: they can be divided in unbounded and bonded phases, and these ones are classified in neutral, charged, and zwitterionic phases.
The number of HILIC stationary phases available on the market is growing every day, so that the selection of the appropriate column can be, in some cases, not straightforward. A general description of HILIC phases is “hydrophilic materials that can hold water on their surface ”, but they are not all equivalent.
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